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Gem :: LoadError: не может активировать pg (~> 0,18), уже активирован pg-1.0.0

Я делаю учебник Rails, найденный здесь, и был успешным до того, что вам нужно перенести миграцию комментариев с помощью $ rails db: migrate. До этого момента мне удалось создать модель статьи и перенести статьи на создание миграции без проблем. Между этими двумя миграциями ничего не изменилось в моем Gemfile, поэтому я не уверен, с чем связана проблема Bundler.

Вот ошибки, за которыми следует полный вывод командной строки, а также мои Gemfile и schema.rb:

Gem::LoadError: can't activate pg (~> 0.18), already activated pg-1.0.0.

Gem::LoadError: Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, but the gem is not loaded. Add 'gem 'pg'' to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by ActiveRecord).

Полный вывод в командной строке

xxx:gangelo: ~/dev/rails/test/blog (master*) ☠  rbenv exec rails db:migrate
rails aborted!
Gem::LoadError: Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, but the gem is not loaded. Add 'gem 'pg'' to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by ActiveRecord).
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/connection_specification.rb:188:in 'rescue in spec'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/connection_specification.rb:185:in 'spec'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:880:in 'establish_connection'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:58:in 'establish_connection'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/railtie.rb:124:in 'block (2 levels) in <class:Railtie>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:69:in 'instance_eval'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:69:in 'block in execute_hook'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:60:in 'with_execution_control'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:65:in 'execute_hook'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:50:in 'block in run_load_hooks'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:49:in 'each'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:49:in 'run_load_hooks'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/base.rb:326:in '<module:ActiveRecord>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/base.rb:25:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'block in require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in 'load_dependency'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/mysql_database_tasks.rb:6:in '<class:MySQLDatabaseTasks>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/mysql_database_tasks.rb:3:in '<module:Tasks>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/mysql_database_tasks.rb:2:in '<module:ActiveRecord>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/mysql_database_tasks.rb:1:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'block in require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in 'load_dependency'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:74:in '<module:DatabaseTasks>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:35:in '<module:Tasks>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:2:in '<module:ActiveRecord>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:1:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'block in require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in 'load_dependency'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/railtie.rb:34:in 'block (3 levels) in <class:Railtie>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:21:in 'block in perform'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:18:in 'perform'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/command.rb:46:in 'invoke'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands.rb:16:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/bin/rails:9:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/bin/rails:9:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in 'load'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in 'call'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in 'call'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in 'run'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/bin/spring:49:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in 'load'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/bin/spring:15:in '<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in 'load'
bin/rails:3:in '<main>'

Caused by:
Gem::LoadError: can't activate pg (~> 0.18), already activated pg-1.0.0. Make sure all dependencies are added to Gemfile.
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:2:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'block in require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in 'load_dependency'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/connection_specification.rb:186:in 'spec'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:880:in 'establish_connection'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:58:in 'establish_connection'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/railtie.rb:124:in 'block (2 levels) in <class:Railtie>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:69:in 'instance_eval'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:69:in 'block in execute_hook'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:60:in 'with_execution_control'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:65:in 'execute_hook'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:50:in 'block in run_load_hooks'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:49:in 'each'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:49:in 'run_load_hooks'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/base.rb:326:in '<module:ActiveRecord>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/base.rb:25:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'block in require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in 'load_dependency'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/mysql_database_tasks.rb:6:in '<class:MySQLDatabaseTasks>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/mysql_database_tasks.rb:3:in '<module:Tasks>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/mysql_database_tasks.rb:2:in '<module:ActiveRecord>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/mysql_database_tasks.rb:1:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'block in require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in 'load_dependency'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:74:in '<module:DatabaseTasks>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:35:in '<module:Tasks>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:2:in '<module:ActiveRecord>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:1:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'block in require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in 'load_dependency'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/railtie.rb:34:in 'block (3 levels) in <class:Railtie>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:21:in 'block in perform'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:18:in 'perform'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/command.rb:46:in 'invoke'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands.rb:16:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/bin/rails:9:in 'require'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/bin/rails:9:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in 'load'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in 'call'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in 'call'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in 'run'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/bin/spring:49:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in 'load'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/vendor/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in '<top (required)>'
/Users/gangelo/dev/rails/test/blog/bin/spring:15:in '<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in 'load'
bin/rails:3:in '<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate => db:load_config
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

Gemfile

source 'https://rubygems.org'

ruby '2.3.1'

git_source(:github) do |repo_name|
  repo_name = "#{repo_name}/#{repo_name}" unless repo_name.include?("/")
  "https://github.com/#{repo_name}.git"
end


# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '~> 5.1.4'

# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
# gem 'sqlite3'

# Use postgres as the database for Active Record
gem 'pg'

# Use Puma as the app server
gem 'puma', '~> 3.7'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.2'
# Turbolinks makes navigating your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/turbolinks/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks', '~> 5'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.5'
# Use Redis adapter to run Action Cable in production
# gem 'redis', '~> 3.0'
# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'

# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development

group :development, :test do
  # Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
  gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
  # Adds support for Capybara system testing and selenium driver
  gem 'capybara', '~> 2.13'
  gem 'selenium-webdriver'
end

# gma - start
group :development, :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.5', '>= 3.5.2'
  gem 'rspec-activemodel-mocks', '~> 1.0', '>= 1.0.3'
  gem 'shoulda-matchers', '~> 3.1', '>= 3.1.1'
  gem 'factory_bot_rails', '~> 4.8', '>= 4.8.2'
  gem 'ffaker', '~> 2.2'
  # gem 'timecop', '~> 0.8.1'
end
# gma - end

group :development do
  # Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> anywhere in the code.
  gem 'web-console', '>= 3.3.0'
  gem 'listen', '>= 3.0.5', '< 3.2'
  # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
  gem 'spring'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
end

# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]

schema.rb

ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20180110153949) do
  # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
  enable_extension "plpgsql"

  create_table "articles", force: :cascade do |t|
    t.string "title"
    t.text "text"
    t.datetime "created_at", null: false
    t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
  end
end

Файл миграции

class CreateComments < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1]
  def change
    create_table :comments do |t|
      t.string :commenter
      t.text :body
      t.references :article, foreign_key: true

      t.timestamps
    end
  end
end
4b9b3361

Ответ 1

похоже, что pg 1.0 несовместим с рельсами 5.1.4 на данный момент.

gem 'pg', '~> 0.18'

0,18 работал для меня.

Ответ 2

Оказывается Postgres самоцвет версия 1.0.0 не совместима с Rails 5.1.4. Когда я изменил версию postgres tem gem на "~> 0.18", все сработало нормально:

Изменено:

gem 'pg' # Defaults to latest version 1.0.0 (not compatible with Rails 5.1.4).

Изменился на:

gem 'pg', '~> 0.18'