Ruby concurrency: неблокирующий ввод-вывод и потоки

Я играю с concurrency в Ruby (1.9.3-p0) и создал очень простую задачу ввода-вывода I/O-heavy. Во-первых, я попробовал неблокирующий подход:

require 'rack'
require 'rack/fiber_pool'
require 'em-http'
require 'em-synchrony'
require 'em-synchrony/em-http'

proxy = lambda {|*|
  result = EM::Synchrony.sync EventMachine::HttpRequest.new('http://google.com').get
  [200, {}, [result.response]]
}

use Rack::FiberPool, :size => 1000
run proxy

=begin
$ thin -p 3000 -e production -R rack-synchrony.ru start
>> Thin web server (v1.3.1 codename Triple Espresso)

$ ab -c100 -n100 http://localhost:3000/
Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   5.602 seconds
HTML transferred:       21900 bytes
Requests per second:    17.85 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       5602.174 [ms] (mean)
=end

Хм, я думал, что я должен что-то делать неправильно. Среднее время запроса 5.6s для задачи, в которой мы в основном ожидаем ввода-вывода? Я попробовал еще один:

require 'sinatra'
require 'sinatra/synchrony'
require 'em-synchrony/em-http'

get '/' do
  EM::HttpRequest.new("http://google.com").get.response
end

=begin
$ ruby sinatra-synchrony.rb -p 3000 -e production
== Sinatra/1.3.1 has taken the stage on 3000 for production with backup from Thin
>> Thin web server (v1.3.1 codename Triple Espresso)

$ ab -c100 -n100 http://localhost:3000/
Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   5.476 seconds
HTML transferred:       21900 bytes
Requests per second:    18.26 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       5475.756 [ms] (mean)
=end

Хм, немного лучше, но не то, что я бы назвал успехом. Наконец, я попробовал реалистичную реализацию:

require 'rack'
require 'excon'

proxy = lambda {|*|
  result = Excon.get('http://google.com')
  [200, {}, [result.body]]
}    
run proxy

=begin
$ thin -p 3000 -e production -R rack-threaded.ru --threaded --no-epoll start
>> Thin web server (v1.3.1 codename Triple Espresso)

$ ab -c100 -n100 http://localhost:3000/
Concurrency Level:      100
Time taken for tests:   2.014 seconds
HTML transferred:       21900 bytes
Requests per second:    49.65 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       2014.005 [ms] (mean)
=end

Это действительно удивительно. Я что-то упустил? Почему EM так плохо работает здесь? Есть ли какая-то настройка, которую мне нужно сделать? Я пробовал различные комбинации (Unicorn, несколько Rainbows конфигураций и т.д.), Но ни один из них не приблизился к простой, старой блокировке ввода-вывода.

Идеи, комментарии и - очевидно - предложения по лучшим реализациям очень приветствуются.

$ ab -c50 -n50 http://google.com/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking google.com (be patient).....done Server Software: gws Server Hostname: google.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 219 bytes Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 0.023 seconds <<== note same as below Complete requests: 50 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 50 Total transferred: 27000 bytes HTML transferred: 10950 bytes Requests per second: 2220.05 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 22.522 [ms] (mean) <<== note same as above Time per request: 0.450 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1170.73 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 2 0.6 3 3 Processing: 8 9 2.1 9 19 Waiting: 8 9 2.1 9 19 Total: 11 12 2.1 11 22 WARNING: The median and mean for the initial connection time are not within a normal deviation These results are probably not that reliable. Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 11 66% 12 75% 12 80% 12 90% 12 95% 12 98% 22 99% 22 100% 22 (longest request) <<== note same as total and mean above $ ab -c50 -n500 http://google.com/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking google.com (be patient) Completed 100 requests Completed 200 requests Completed 300 requests Completed 400 requests Completed 500 requests Finished 500 requests Server Software: gws Server Hostname: google.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 219 bytes Concurrency Level: 50 Time taken for tests: 0.110 seconds Complete requests: 500 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 500 Total transferred: 270000 bytes HTML transferred: 109500 bytes Requests per second: 4554.31 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 10.979 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.220 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 2401.69 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 1 0.7 1 3 Processing: 8 9 0.7 9 13 Waiting: 8 9 0.7 9 13 Total: 9 10 1.3 10 16 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 10 66% 11 75% 11 80% 12 90% 12 95% 13 98% 14 99% 15 100% 16 (longest request)

Ответ 1